Informed consent: time for more transparency

Informed consent is not only for documenting a patient's acceptance of enrolling in a clinical trial. It currently is the patient's and, we propose, should also be the public's main source of information regarding the reasons for the planned study, what is known in the field about the proposed trial, and what to expect as far as efficacy and harm. Informed consent is not currently part of the clinical trial registries. For purposes of full disclosure to the patients and the public, the informed consent should be part of the required documents for such registries

Іmproving the export potential of Turkey using online trading platforms

The aim of the thesis is to increase the export potential of online commerce platform in Turkey. Thus, it is subject to certain orientations and training of those who recommend trade and export in Turkey. We aimed to increase the export potential of Turkish companies and more on the general platform. Main subject to certain orientations and training in the online platform aimed to increase the export potential. The object of the research of the master’s thesis is the processes of the development of international activity of the enterprise. Master's thesis research topic, present conditions in Turkey the rights of the company in the development of online platforms and activities in Turkey's export potential, theoretical, methodological and practical aspects are. Research objective: to develop theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of improving an export potential of Turkey in conditions of digitalization. Object of research: processes of improving an export potential of Turkey. Subject of research: theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of improving an export potential of Turkey with the use of online trading platforms.Метою дипломної роботи виначення напрямів збільшення експортного потенціалу платформ онлайн-комерції в Туреччині. Основною умовою виступала орієнтація та навчання на онлайн-платформі, спрямоване на збільшення експортного потенціалу. Об’єктом дослідження магістерської роботи були процеси розвитку міжнародної діяльності підприємства. Тема дослідження магістерської дисертації пов'язана із дослідженням сучасних умов в Туреччині, прав компаній щодо розвитку онлайн-платформ і підвищення експортного потенціалу Туреччини. Мета дослідження: розробити теоретичні, методологічні та практичні аспекти підвищення експортного потенціалу Туреччини в умовах цифровізації. Об'єкт дослідження: процеси вдосконалення експортного потенціалу Туреччини. Предмет дослідження: теоретичні, методологічні та практичні аспекти підвищення експортного потенціалу Туреччини з використанням торгових онлайн-платформ

Relationship between Peeled Internal Limiting Membrane Area and Anatomic Outcomes following Macular Hole Surgery: A Quantitative Analysis

Purpose. To quantitatively evaluate the effects of peeled internal limiting membrane (ILM) area and anatomic outcomes following macular hole surgery using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Forty-one eyes in 37 consecutive patients with idiopathic, Gass stage 3-4 macular hole (MH) were enrolled in this retrospective comparative study. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to anatomic success or failure. Basal MH diameter, peeled ILM area, and MH height were calculated using SD-OCT. Other prognostic parameters, including age, stage, preoperative BCVA, and symptom duration were also assessed. Results. Thirty-two cases were classified as anatomic success, and 9 cases were classified as anatomic failure. Peeled ILM area was significantly wider and MH basal diameter was significantly less in the anatomic success group (p=0.024 and 0.032, resp.). Other parameters did not demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusion. The findings of the present study show that the peeled ILM area can affect the anatomic outcomes of MH surgery

Review on Superconducting Materials

Short review of the topical comprehension of the superconductor materials classes Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors, other oxide superconductors, Iron-based Superconductors, Heavy-Fermion Superconductors, Nitride Superconductors, Organic and other Carbon-based Superconductors and Boride and Borocarbide Superconductors, featuring their present theoretical understanding and their aspects with respect to technical applications.Comment: A previous version of this article has been published in \" Applied Superconductivity: Handbook on Devices and Applications \", Wiley-VCH ISBN: 978-3-527-41209-9. The new extended and updated version will be published in \" Encyclopedia of Applied Physics \", Wiley-VC

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score